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DRINKING WATER

Drinking Water

NAME OF INSTITUTION: Centre For Water Resources Development Management (CWRDM)

TITLE: Cost effective Treatment Methods for the Drinking Water in Rural Areas.

PROJECT ASSOCIATE(S): Harikumar, P S et al.,

STARTING DATE: 2000

DATE OF COMPLETION: ongoing

NAME OF COLLOBORATOR: Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM) CGO Complex,New Delhi-110003

PROJECT ABSTRACT: Water quality problems of Kerala were investigated and treatment methods appropriate for rural Kerala were studied. The cost effectiveness of the treatment system developed using medicinal plants and clay was worked out. The results of the experiment indicate that 0.2g of the material can remove 50-85 per cent of the contaminants like fluoride, hardness, coliforms and phosphates from 250 ml of water. The only plant material, which is comparatively costlier, is clove, which has been found to be the most efficient material for removing fluoride. Experiments were done to separate heavy metals using montmorillonate clay separated from black cotton soil found in Palakkad district. The clay was separated from the soil using chemical treatment method and found that 1 g of clay can remove 95 per cent of copper from 1 litre of water. Filter column using other filtering materials were also worked out.

KEYWORDS: RURAL DEVELOPMENT; DRINKING WATER;RURAL AREAS.

NAME OF INSTITUTION: Centre For Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM)
TITLE: Improving availability of safe drinking water through S&T application and community participation
PROJECT ASSOCIATE(S): Jayakumar, P. et al.,
STARTING DATE: 2000
DATE OF COMPLETION: ongoing

PROJECT ABSTRACT: The Project aims to implement and propagate. water harvesting systems appropriate for respective regions in the districts of Malappuram, Kozhikode, Kannur and Palghat, as a cost effective and long-term solution for problems related to water quality and scarcity. This is planned to be achieved by training the target groups/NGO's of the area to identify appropriate methods of water harvesting and implementing it through them. Accordingly NGO's have been identified in the 4 districts for implementation of the activities. Sites for demonstration of rainwater harvesting techniques have been identified in 3 districts by the NGO's, and steps are being taken to fabricate the rainwater harvesting structures.

KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION; DRINKING WATER; S&T APPLICATIONS;COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION.

NAME OF INSTITUTION: Centre For Water Resources Development Management (CWRDM)

TITLE: Water quality assessment with special reference to iodide in drinking water

PROJECT ASSOCIATE(S): Harikumar, P S and Madhavan, K.

STARTING DATE: 2000

DATE OF COMPLETION: ongoing

NAME OF COLLOBORATOR: State Committee on Science Technology Environment, Govt. of Kerala

PROJECT ABSTRACT: Water samples from selected water sources of all the districts were collected and subjected to iodide analyses. Selected vegetable and fish samples were also analysed for iodide content. From the analysis of iodide the total average intake of iodide by a person from each district was found out. Based on the iodide intake, a iodide map of Kerala showing the excess, normal and deficient region as was prepared. The results of the analysis of water and vegetables and fish samples showed that, iodide concentration is less then 10ug/litre in the districts of Pathanamthitta, Idukki, Wynad and Kannur. The concentration of iodide is within the required limits in samples collected from the coastal regions. So, the iodisation of edible salt need not be in the same proportion in all the districts.

KEYWORDS: HEALTH AND NUTRITION; DRINKING WATER;IODIDE

NAME OF THE CENTRE: CENTRE FOR HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (CHRD) (NIRD)

TITLE: Community initiatives in rooftop rain water harvesting for drinking water

PROJECT LEADER: Sivaram, P

STARTING DATE: January, 2002

DATE OF COMPLETION: March, 2002

OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the rooftop rain water harvesting structures and their management;2. To examine the nature and extent of community initiatives in rooftop rain water harvesting structures;3. To analyse the roof water storage and handling practices; and4. To study the costs of rooftop water harvesting structures practiced by the rural communities.

METHODOLOGY: Primary information was collected from a total sample of 20 families through group interviews and focus group discussion method. Secondary data were collected from Directorate of Public Health Engineering Dept. (PHED), Panchayat and Rural Development Departments and NGOs.

STUDY AREAS: Mizoram

KEYWORDS: RURAL DEVELOPMENT;DRINKING,WATER;ROOF TOP WATER RAIN WATER HARVESTING;WATER STORAGE; MIZORAM

NAME OF THE CENTRE: Centre for Human Resource Development (CHRD) (NIRD)

TITLE: Community interventions in rural water supply: drinking Water

PROJECT LEADER: Mohan Rao, M J

STARTING DATE: September, 2001

DATE OF COMPLETION: Dcember, 2001

OBJECTIVES: 1. To analyse the extent and quality of community participation in operation& maintenance and;2. To study the IEC and training components in effective implementation of drinking water project.

METHODOLOGY: PRA tools such as semi structured interviews, and focus group discussions were used to gather information.

STUDY AREAS: Uttar Pradesh

KEYWORDS: RURAL DEVELOPMENT;DRINKING WATER;RURAL WATER SUPPLY;COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; INFORMATION;EDUCATION; COMMUNICATION;UTTAR PRADESH

NAME OF THE CENTRE: Centre for Human Resource Development (CHRD) (NIRD)

TITLE: Government and community initiatives in prevention of ground water pollution (drinking water): A case study

PROJECT LEADER: Sivaram, P

STARTING DATE: January, 2003

DATE OF COMPLETION: March, 2003

OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the government and NGOs interventions in preventing ground water pollution 2. To analyse drinking water users perceptions on the (drinking water) quality of ground water and its effects on their health 3.To suggest measures for improving the ground water quality (drinking water)

METHODOLOGY: Information would be collected from 60 households through case study method.

STUDY AREAS: Ranga Reddy district of Andhra Pradesh

KEYWORDS: DRINKING WATER;IRRIGATION;WATER POLLUTION;GROUND WATER POLLUTION;COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION;RANGAREDDY DISTRICT; ANDHRAPRADESH

NAME OF THE CENTRE: Centre for Human Resource Development (CHRD) (NIRD)

TITLE: An innovative programme on traditional rain water harvesting “neeru-Meeru: A case study

PROJECT LEADER: Mohan Rao, M J

STARTING DATE: Octbober, 2002

DATE OF COMPLETION: January, 2003

OBJECTIVES: 1.To study and analyse the ‘Neeru-Meeru’systems, practices and their management 2. To assess the impact of the ‘Neeru-Meeru’ programme on drinking water and crop culture 3. To understand the peoples participation in the programme

METHODOLOGY: Primary data would be collected through structured schedules from officials and non-officials of PRAs & NGOs.Secondary data would be collected from Commissionerate of RD, Panchayati Raj,DRDA and Mandal Offices.

STUDY AREAS: Six villages of three mandals in three districts of Andhra pradesh

KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION;AGRICULTURE;DRINKING WATER;NEERU-MEERU PROGRAMME;RAIN WATER HARVESTING;ANDHRA PRADESH

NAME OF THE CENTRE: Centre for Human Resource Development (CHRD) (NIRD)

TITLE: Management of drinking water and sanitation in Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and West Bengal, current status and lessons for policy makers and implementors

PROJECT LEADER: Durgaprasad, P

STARTING DATE: July, 2001

DATE OF COMPLETION: September, 2001

OBJECTIVES: 1. To appreciate the policies and programmes of drinking water and sanitation in the selected states in general and the sample districts in particular;2. To assess the performance of rural drinking water supply and sanitation programmes in terms of coverage of villages and population; and the problems in operation and maintenance of water structures and systems created under the scheme; and 3. To examine the problems and constraints in the implementation of drinking water and sanitation programmes.

METHODOLOGY: Information was collected through PRA tools like focus group discussions and semi structured interview from a sample of 150 users of drinking water and sanitation from a few RWS project villages.

STUDY AREAS: Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and West Bengal

KEYWORDS: RURAL DEVELOPMENT;DRINKING WATER;SANITATION;MADHYA PRADESH;PUNJAB;WEST BENGAL

NAME OF THE CENTRE: Centre for Human Resource Development (CHRD) (NIRD)

TITLE: Sector reforms in rural water supply programme: An exploratory study of pilot projects

PROJECT LEADER: Durgaprasad, P

PROJECT TEAM: Srinivasan, S; Sivaram, P; and Mohan Rao, M J

STARTING DATE: June, 2002

DATE OF COMPLETION: September, 2002

OBJECTIVES: 1.Review the ‘drinking water sector reform’ policy document of the DDWS/RGNDWM, MORD;2. Analyse the extent and quality of ‘sector reforms’ sought to be brought out in the pilot projects; and 3. Distill management lessons from the ‘sector reforms projects’ through a SWOT analysis of pilot and control group districts.

STUDY AREAS: Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh

KEYWORDS: RURAL DEVELOPMENT;RURAL WATER SUPPLY;DRINKING WATER;DRINKING WATER SECTOR REFORMS;KARNATAKA;UTTAR PRADESH

NAME OF INSTITUTION: Peoples' Research Organisation for Grass Root Environmental Scientific Services (PROGRESS)

TITLE: Demarcation of brackish saline shallow aquifer zones and developing methodologies / techniques for the supply of irrigation and safe drinking water as well as ecological regeneration in haro sedimentary aquifers for the benefit of the poor and marginal farmers of Kurnool basin. (Action Research)

PROJECT LEADER(S): Sridhar, Kolluru

PROJECT ASSOCIATE(S): Sudhakar Vannoj

STARTING DATE: September, 1999

DATE OF COMPLETION: January, 2002

NAME OF SPONSORER: Department of Science and Technology,Government of India, Ministry of Science and Technology.New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi. 110 011

PROJECT ABSTRACT: Objectives: 1) To Develop the quality of water through artificial recharge structures; 2.To make available the surface and ground water for optimum utilisation for different purposes; 3)To study the extent of contamination, source etc; and 4)To develop low cost soil and water conservation and management technologies for the improvement of soil fertility, enhanced recharge to the aquifer system etc.,

Methodology: Studying the salt water dynamics; Hydrological, geo-electrical and geo-chemical studies to know different aquifer details; Establishment of different low-cost and effective structures for reducing soil erosion, run-off and to increase the fertility of the soil and to increase the ground water recharge etc.,

Study Area: State: Andhra Pradesh; District: Kurnool; Mandal: Voravakallu.

PLANNED OUTPUT: Article and Report

KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION; DRINKING WATER; ECOLOGICAL REGENERATION; ANDHRA PRADESH.

Drinking Water Supply Schemes

NAME OF INSTITUTION: Centre For Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM)

TITLE: Development of Small Scale Drinking Water Supply Schemes in Rural Kerala.

PROJECT ASSOCIATE(S): K. N. Remani, K N et al.,

STARTING DATE: 2000

DATE OF COMPLETION: 2001

NAME OF COLLOBORATOR: Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM)

MAILING ADDRESS: CGO Complex, New Delhi. 110 003

PROJECT ABSTRACT: Secondary data required for the identification of rural sites for project execution was collected through extensive surveys and by communication with concerned departments, local bodies and voluntary organisations. A field survey data sheet was used to collect information on the water related problems encountered by public in the area based on the secondary data collected, the following important activities were carried out. Construction of a community well based drinking water supply in Kunnamangalam panchayat, in Rajiv Gandhi Colony. A Solar photovoltaic-based pump was installed. Revival of a water supply scheme based on a dug well at Kunniyurmala in Quilandy Taluk. The scheme involved a storage tank of about 16,000 literes, pumping main and pipe line system. Development of a small-scale water supply scheme at Karimkutty in Koodaranji panchayat which included a storage tank of 9000L, 5HP pump with a pumping main of 290 meters.

KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION;DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES;RURAL AREAS; KERALA

NAME OF INSTITUTION: Centre For Water Resources Development & Management (CWRDM)

TITLE: Hydrological and other related investigations for integrated drinking water schemes in selected districts of Kerala

PROJECT ASSOCIATE(S): James, E J et al.,

STARTING DATE: 2000

DATE OF COMPLETION: ongoing

NAME OF COLLOBORATOR: Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM), New Delhi.

MAILING ADDRESS: CGO Complex, New Delhi. 110 003.

PROJECT ABSTRACT: The Project envisages to identify both surface and ground water sources, giving due consideration to the water quality aspects in the panchayats of four selected districts facing drinking water problem. The project also aims at preparation of master plans for optimal utilisation of the water resources of these selected districts by following an integrated approach and giving due weightage to sustainability. Based on the available information with district authorities, Kerala Water Authority and NGOs, the Panchayats facing severe drinking water problems in the four districts of Kerala (Wynad, Kozhikode, Idukki and Pathanamthitta)were identified. Field visits were carried out to find out the exact areas having drinking water problems. Data were collected using instruments and field experiments and discussions with people and officials. Traditional sources of water indentification include springs, streams, ponds and wells. The population in the needy area was ascertained and the sources to cater the requirements of settlements were decided. Considering acute need and other limitations, mainly stand posts were recommended. Estimates of costs were made to understand economic viability of the schemes and to help the local panchayats in taking up such schemes. Water samples were collected and tested to ascertain the quality parameters - physico-chemical and bacteriological. The results of the analysis in Kozhikode indicate that the drinking water quality problems in the selected Panchayats are due to acidity (78 per cent of the sampled sources), iron(11 per cent)and bacteriological contamination(83 per cent). In Idukki and Pathanamthitta districts, the concentration of iron is high (2.5 - 8.7 mg/l)and also the water is acidic in nature. All other physico-chemical parameters are with in the limit prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards. In order to make it potable, the problem sources have to be treated for low pH, excess iron and coliforms. The pH of the sample can be raised using lime treatment. The water bodies have to be disinfected either by bleaching powder or chlorine gas to remove coliform. Iron can be removed by aerations, followed by settling and filtration.

KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION;DRINKING WATER SCHEMES;KERALA

Fresh Water Sources

NAME OF INSTITUTION: Centre For Water Resources Development & Management (CWRDM)

TITLE: Management of fresh water sources in the Lakshadweep Islands

PROJECT ASSOCIATE(S): James, E J et al.,

STARTING DATE: 2000

DATE OF COMPLETION: ongoing

NAME OF COLLOBORATOR: India-Canada Environment Facility (ICEF)

PROJECT ABSTRACT: The project aims at conservation and development of fresh water sources in the Lakshadweep islands. The project was sanctioned in December 2000. A separate Project Management Cell has been established a CWRDM for the project. The team visited Agatti and Kavaratti Islands during March 2001 to finalise the project implementation strategy with the officials of PWD and DST Lakshadweep Administration. The nodal agency for project management at Lakshadweep will be the Dept. of Science and Technology with its head quarters at Kavarattti.

KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION; FRESH WATER OURCES; LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS.